ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Occurrence of apoptosis and expression of proliferative markers are powerful tools to establish a prognosis in the follow-up of cancer. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the growth fraction in papillomas and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas with three degrees of differentiation through apoptosis and the expression of nucleolus organizer regions. METHODS: Retrospective study from which paraffin material was submitted to microtomy and hematoxylin-eosin and silver staining. Stained slides were used to quantify the apoptotic index and the number of nucleolus organizer regions by morphometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was significantly more frequent in well differentiated carcinomas and in papillomas, and a higher growth fraction of expressed nucleolus organizer regions and cells that expressed a greater than average number of nucleolus organizer regions were more frequently noted in undifferentiated carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, it was possible to verify that a high apoptotic index was associated with a lower chance of tumor differentiation in carcinomas, while a greater number of total nucleolus organizer regions, cells expressing nucleolus organizer regions above average and a higher growth fraction were associated with greater likelihood of abnormal cell proliferation and increased tumor differentiation. .
INTRODUÇÃO: A ocorrência de apoptose e a expressão de marcadores proliferativos são ferramentas poderosas no estabelecimento do prognóstico do câncer. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a fração de crescimento de papilomas e carcinomas laríngeos de células escamosas, com três graus de diferenciação, através da apoptose e expressão de regiões organizadoras de nucléolo. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo, cujo material em blocado em parafina foi submetido à microtomia e coloração em hematoxilina-eosina, e pela prata. As lâminas coradas foram utilizadas para quantificar o índice apoptótico e o número de regiões organizadoras de nucléolo (NORs) através da morfometria. RESULTADOS: A apoptose foi significativamente mais frequente em carcinomas bem diferenciados e em papilomas; enquanto que uma maior fração de crescimento, de NORs expressos e de células que expressaram maior número de NORs, foram mais frequentes nos carcinomas indiferenciados. CONCLUSÕES: Foi possível verificar que o índice apoptótico elevado indica menores chances de diferenciação tumoral nos carcinomas, enquanto que um maior número de NORs totais e células expressando NORs acima da média, e uma maior fração de crescimento, determinam maiores chances de proliferação celular anormal e maior diferenciação tumoral. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Apoptosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology , Nucleolus Organizer Region/pathology , Papilloma/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor , Cross-Sectional Studies , Neoplasm Staging , PrognosisABSTRACT
Hypostomus is the most speciose genus in the family Loricariidae, with approximately 120 species. These fish show a wide morphological and color variation, which hinders the identification of species, mainly of widely distributed representatives. The aim of this study was to contribute to the current knowledge on cytogenetic features of Hypostomus nigromaculatus. Three specimens of H. nigromaculatus, collected in two tributaries of rio Tibagi, Paraná, and in Cachoeira de Emas, rio Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo, the latter being the type locality of H. nigromaculatus, were studied. Chromosomal preparations were submitted to Giemsa staining, silver nitrate impregnation, C-banding and CMA3 and DAPI fluorochromes staining. All samples presented 2n = 76, but the rio Mogi-Guaçu sample differed from those from tributaries of rio Tibagi in relation to karyotype formulae, distribution and composition of heterochromatin, and NOR location. The silver nitrate staining revealed the presence of multiple Ag-NORs for all samples, but with differences on the location on chromosomes. CMA3 staining reveled bright signals equivalent to NOR-bearing chromosomal segments; such sites were characterized by negative, i.e. unstained, marks after DAPI staining. The pattern of heterochromatin distribution was distinctive among samples from rio Mogi-Guaçu and tributaries of rio Tibagi. The differences observed between the sample from rio Mogi-Guaçu and the ones from tributaries of rio Tibagi allow us to suggest that these samples are presently isolated. Further analyses are necessary to ascertain whether such isolation refers to distinct populations or characterizes true different species.
O gênero Hypostomus é um dos mais especiosos na família Loricariidae, tendo aproximadamente 120 espécies. Apresenta uma ampla diversidade quanto ao padrão de coloração e morfologia, o que dificulta a identificação de determinadas espécies, principalmente aquelas com ampla distribuição geográfica. Para isso os dados obtidos neste trabalho contribuem para os estudos citogenéticos de Hypostomus nigromaculatus. Foram analisados três exemplares de H. nigromaculatus de afluentes do rio Tibagi, Paraná e Cachoeira de Emas, rio Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo, sendo esta última, a localidade tipo de H. nigromaculatus. Os cromossomos foram submetidos à coloração convencional (Giemsa), impregnação por nitrato de prata, bandamento-C e coloração com os fluorocromos CMA3 e DAPI. Todos os exemplares apresentaram 2n = 76, no entanto com diferença quanto às fórmulas cariotípicas, distribuição e composição da heterocromatina. O nitrato de prata detectou RONs múltiplas para as amostras, porém com diferenças quanto à localização nos cromossomos. A coloração com fluorocromo CMA3 foi correspondente aos cromossomos Ag-RONs, na coloração com DAPI foram observadas bandas negativas, ou seja, não coradas. O padrão de distribuição da heterocromatina foi diferente para as amostras do rio Mogi-Guaçu e dos tributários do rio Tibagi. As diferenças observadas entre as amostras de rio Mogi-Guaçu e afluentes do rio Tibagi permitem-nos sugerir que essas amostras estejam atualmente isoladas. Outras análises são necessárias para determinar se as amostras analisadas são populações distintas ou trata-se de espécies diferentes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Species Specificity , Fishes/anatomy & histology , Fishes/classification , Fishes/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the value of quantitative on analysis of argyrophil nucleolar organizer regions(AgNOR),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and ferritin(Ft) for differentiation diagnosis of benign and malignant serous cavities effusion.Methods HPIAS-2000,a highly-clear image analysis system,was used to quantify 12 parameters of AgNOR particles of falling-off cells from 57 cases of benign and malignant serous cavities effusion.The shapes of AgNOR were observed and sorted.Meanwhile,CEA and Ft were examined with chemiluminescent assay.Results Among 12 parameters of AgNOR quantification,9 parameters were significantly distinct between benign and malignant serous cavity effusion(P
ABSTRACT
Objectives To study the relationship between gastrin expression and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),argyrophilia nucleolar organizer regions(AgNORs) in colorectal cancer (CC) tissue. Methods Gastrin and PCNA expression in 48 cases of CC tissue and cancer adjacent mucosa was detected by immunohistochemistry techniques. AgNORs was determined with argyrophilia stain. Results The positive rate of gastrin in CC tissue was 39 58%, that of well differentiated adenocarcinoma was higher than the poorly differentiated and mucinous adenocarcinoma( P
ABSTRACT
Thioacetamide (TA) is converted into a hyperacetylating agent which causes hepatic necrosis, regeneration, cirrhosis and cancerous transformation. One of the most characteristic toxicities of TA in rat is observed with a 50 mg/kg per day which induces nucleolar enlargement different from that in regenerating liver. From TA-treated liver, the nucleoli were isolated and characterized for an altered nucleolar signal transduction system. Immunochemistry revealed that the poisoned nucleoli had increased levels of both nucleolus specific proteins (nucleophosmin and nucleolin) and various signal molecules (CK2, Erk1/2, p38, protein kinases A and C, and cyclin A). Using flow cytometry, the nucleoli were found to be in G2-arrested nuclei. Manifestation of the nucleolar enlargement could be readily observed using an ex vivo hepatocyte culture. There were two types of nucleolar enlargement. One was observed in normal hepatocytes with light density of enlarged nucleoli. The other was in TA-treated hepatocytes with dense and compact density of enlarged nucleoli, which contained a 3 to 5-fold higher nudeophosmin content than the control. In vitro induction of nucleolar enlargement with TA was possible. As soon as the hepatocytes anchored on a collagen coat, exogeneous TA (higher than 1 microg/mL) could induce dense and compact nucleoli. However, when an exogeneous drug was added after monolayer formation (1 day), no drug-induced nucleolar enlargement was observed.
Subject(s)
Male , Rats , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Flow Cytometry , G2 Phase/drug effects , Hepatocytes/ultrastructure , Hepatocytes/drug effects , Nucleolus Organizer Region/physiology , Nucleolus Organizer Region/drug effects , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Thioacetamide/toxicityABSTRACT
The authors have determined the effects of 261-B_2-3 and C_(12)b_3-2, extracts two strains of Alternaria alternata, on the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) activity and the progression of cell proliferating cycle of human peripheral lymphocytes. The methods used in the experiment were selective silver staining of human NORs and cytophotometry. The result showed that the number of chromosomes bearing Ag-NORs was meaningly decreased when the cells were treated with different concentrations of 261-B_2-3 and C_(12)-b_3-2 extracts. The difference was quite significant when the data were compared with those of the control (P
ABSTRACT
The numbers of nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) were counted by one-step silver colloid technique in 6 cases of normal bladder tissue, 9 chronic cystitis and 56 transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. The results revealed that the mean number of AgNOR per nucleus was not statistically different between normal bladder tissue and chronic cystitis while a significant difference was observed between normal, or inflammatory tissue and malignant tissue or between various grades of bladder tumor. The results also indicated that the mean number of AgNOR per nucleus was closely related to the prognosis of bladder tumor. So it is suggested that the AgNOR counting with silver stain technique may play a role in the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions and in the grading and prognosis of bladder tumors.